Literature Review : Instrumen Penilaian Nyeri Pada Anak Dengan Gangguan Kognitif
Abstrak
Abstract: Difficulty assessing pain in a person who can not express perceived pain, for example in a child with cognitive impairment provides a significant obstacle in pain management. The purpose of this study was to review some lithographs that contain pain-reducing instruments in children with cognitive impairment and to discuss instruments that can be applied effectively and have clinical uses. Method used by searching for English article, articles on Medline, Cinahl, and PubMed databases, and is limited from 1990 to 2018. Through topical keywords and 5 articles are reviewed. Result in this study has showed that assessment of pain in children with cognitive impairment can be done through rFLACC, NCCPC-PV, NCCPC-R and NAPI. rFLACC is the most effective and has great clinical use with ICC: 0.73-0.9). rFLACC assesses 5 indicators (face expression, leg, activity, cry & consoability) more simple and easy to apply to all children with cognitive impairment at all levels. Assessment of post elective surgical pain in clinical settings in children with cognitive impairment can be done by using rFLACC. In an effort to improve instrument reliability, improvements in leg and activity items can be the basis of subsequent research. Keywords: assessment of pain, child, cognitive impairment Abstrak: Kesulitan penilaian nyeri pada seseorang yang tidak dapat mengungkapkan nyeri yang dirasakan, misalnya pada anak dengan gangguan kognitif memberikan hambatan yang signifikan dalam manajemen nyeri. Tujuan dari studi ini untuk melakukan review pada beberapa litarur yang memuat instrumen penialaian nyeri pada anak dengan gangguan kognitif dan mendiskusikan instrumen yang dapat diterapkan secara efektif dan mempunyai kegunaan klinis. Metode yang digunakan dalam studi ini adalah pencarian artikel bahasa inggris pada database Medline, Cinahl, dan PubMed, dan dibatasi dari tahun 1990 hingga 2018. Melalui keyword sesuai topik didapatkan 5 artikel yang direview. Penilaian nyeri pada anak dengan gangguan kognitif dapat dilakukan melalui rFLACC, NCCPC-PV, NCCPC-R dan NAPI. rFLACC merupakan instrumen yang paling efektif dan mempunyai kegunaan klinis yang besar dengan ICC : 0,73-0,9). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada instrumen rFLACC dapat dinilai 5 indikator yang lebih lengkap, yakni : (face expression, leg, activity, cry & consoability). Intrumen tersebut juga lebih simple dan mudah untuk diterapkan pada semua anak dengan gangguan kognitif pada semua tingkatan. Penilaian nyeri post pembedahan elektif pada tatanan klinis pada anak dengan gangguan kognitif dapat dilakukan dengan rFLACC. Dalam upaya meningkatkan reliabilitas instrumen, penyempurnaan item leg dan activity dapat menjadi dasar penelitian berikutnya.Kata kunci : penilaian nyeri, anak, gangguan kognitifReferensi
Arif-Rahu, Fisher, and Matsuda. 2012. Biobehavioral Measures for Pain in the Pediatric Patient. Journal of Pain ManagementNursing,13,157-168. Diakses tanggal 4 April 2018, dari MEDLINE database.
Breau LM, Finley GA, McGrath PJ, Camfield CS. 2002. Validation of the Non-communicating Children’s Pain Checklist – Postoperative Version. Journal of Anesthesiology, 96, 528–35. Diakses tanggal 26 April 2018, dari PubMed database
Breau LM, McGrath PJ, Camfield CS et al. 2012. Psychometric properties of the non-communicating children’s pain checklistrevised. Journal of Pain, 99, 349–357. Diakses tanggal 29 April 2018, dari Web of Science database.
Herr, K., Coyne, P. J., Key, T., Manworren, R., McCaffery, M., Merkel, S., Pelosi-Kelly, J., & Wild, L. 2006. Pain assessment in the nonverbal patient: Position statement with clinical practice recommendations. Journal of Pain Management Nursing, 7(2), 44–52. Diakses tanggal 4 Mei 2018, dari database PubMed.
Johansson et al. 2010. Validity and reliability of a Swedish version of the Non-Communicating Children’s Pain Checklist – Postoperative Version. Journal of Acta Pædiatrica, 99, 929–933. Diakses tanggal 26 Mei 2018, dari PubMed database
Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations Pain Standards. 2011. http://www.jcaho.org/standard/pm. html. Diakses tanggal 4 Mei 2018.
Kankunen P, Janis P, Vehvilainen. 2010. Pain Assessment Among Non-Communicating Intellectually Disabled People Described by Nursing Staff. The Open Nursing Journal, 4, 55-59. Diakses tanggal 4 Mei 2018, dari database PubMed.
Malviya S, Voepel-Lewis T, Burke C, Merkel S, Tait AR. 2006. The revised FLACC observational pain tool: improved reliability and validity for pain assessment in children with cognitive impairment. Journal of Paediatr Anaesth, 16, 258–65. Diakses tanggal 29 April 2018, dari PubMed database.
McGrath PJ, Rosmus C, Camfield C, Campbell MA, Hennigar AW. 2008. Behaviours caregivers use to determine pain in non-verbal, cognitively mpaired individuals. Journal of Developmental Medicine and child Neurology, 40, 340–343. Diakses tanggal 6 Mei 2018, dari Cinahl database
Schade JG, Joyce BA, Gerkensmeyer J, Keck JF. 2006. Comparison of three preverbal scales for postoperative pain assessment in a diverse pediatric sample. Journal of Pain Symptom Management, 12, 348–59. Diakses tanggal 4 Mei 2018, dari PubMed database
Solodiuk J, Curley MA. 2013. Pain assessment in nonverbal children with severe cognitive impairments: the Individualized Numeric Rating Scale (INRS). Journal of Pediatric Nursing,18, 295–9. Diakses tanggal 29 April 2018, dari MEDLINE database.
Breau LM, Finley GA, McGrath PJ, Camfield CS. 2002. Validation of the Non-communicating Children’s Pain Checklist – Postoperative Version. Journal of Anesthesiology, 96, 528–35. Diakses tanggal 26 April 2018, dari PubMed database
Breau LM, McGrath PJ, Camfield CS et al. 2012. Psychometric properties of the non-communicating children’s pain checklistrevised. Journal of Pain, 99, 349–357. Diakses tanggal 29 April 2018, dari Web of Science database.
Herr, K., Coyne, P. J., Key, T., Manworren, R., McCaffery, M., Merkel, S., Pelosi-Kelly, J., & Wild, L. 2006. Pain assessment in the nonverbal patient: Position statement with clinical practice recommendations. Journal of Pain Management Nursing, 7(2), 44–52. Diakses tanggal 4 Mei 2018, dari database PubMed.
Johansson et al. 2010. Validity and reliability of a Swedish version of the Non-Communicating Children’s Pain Checklist – Postoperative Version. Journal of Acta Pædiatrica, 99, 929–933. Diakses tanggal 26 Mei 2018, dari PubMed database
Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations Pain Standards. 2011. http://www.jcaho.org/standard/pm. html. Diakses tanggal 4 Mei 2018.
Kankunen P, Janis P, Vehvilainen. 2010. Pain Assessment Among Non-Communicating Intellectually Disabled People Described by Nursing Staff. The Open Nursing Journal, 4, 55-59. Diakses tanggal 4 Mei 2018, dari database PubMed.
Malviya S, Voepel-Lewis T, Burke C, Merkel S, Tait AR. 2006. The revised FLACC observational pain tool: improved reliability and validity for pain assessment in children with cognitive impairment. Journal of Paediatr Anaesth, 16, 258–65. Diakses tanggal 29 April 2018, dari PubMed database.
McGrath PJ, Rosmus C, Camfield C, Campbell MA, Hennigar AW. 2008. Behaviours caregivers use to determine pain in non-verbal, cognitively mpaired individuals. Journal of Developmental Medicine and child Neurology, 40, 340–343. Diakses tanggal 6 Mei 2018, dari Cinahl database
Schade JG, Joyce BA, Gerkensmeyer J, Keck JF. 2006. Comparison of three preverbal scales for postoperative pain assessment in a diverse pediatric sample. Journal of Pain Symptom Management, 12, 348–59. Diakses tanggal 4 Mei 2018, dari PubMed database
Solodiuk J, Curley MA. 2013. Pain assessment in nonverbal children with severe cognitive impairments: the Individualized Numeric Rating Scale (INRS). Journal of Pediatric Nursing,18, 295–9. Diakses tanggal 29 April 2018, dari MEDLINE database.
Unduhan
Diterbitkan
2018-07-15
Cara Mengutip
Dhina Widayati (2018) “Literature Review : Instrumen Penilaian Nyeri Pada Anak Dengan Gangguan Kognitif”, Indonesian Journal on Medical Science, 5(2). Tersedia pada: http://ejournal.poltekkesbhaktimulia.ac.id/index.php/ijms/article/view/142 (Diakses: 5 April 2025).
Terbitan
Bagian
Artikel
